報告書番号

Y99016

タイトル（和文）

エネルギー･セキュリティ確保のための政策動向調査

タイトル（英文）

Investigation of Policies toward Securing Energy Security

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

本稿では、内外におけるエネルギー・セキュリティ確保のための政策動向を調査し、電力市場自由化の影響を検討するとともに、わが国におけるエネルギー・セキュリティ確保のあり方について考察した。考察対象となったOECD諸国はエネルギー・セキュリティ確保のために様々な対応策をとっている。多くの場合、採用される対応策は１次エネルギーの賦存状況によって影響を受けている。電力市場自由化の影響については、一般的には、燃料輸出国と輸入国との関連に見られるような国際的相互依存関係の深化により、供給支障発生の可能性は減少していくと考えられる。上記と関連して、IEAやEUなどのエネルギー・セキュリティ確保についての政策動向を観察すると、量的規制から価格メカニズムの適用への政策の転換が見られる。日本における伝統的なエネルギー・セキュリティー確保の政策の維持は、わが国の地政学的要因に帰するところが大きい。

概要 （英文）

This paper investigates development of policies toward energy security and induces implication for Japan based on the investigation. The main results of the study are as follows:1.A justification for governmental intervention is given, if energy security is associated with market failure. Most of the market failures are not found on the energy market. From the traditional theoretical point of view, the scope for a justification of intervention on the energy market for energy security reasons is limited. The role of government for energy security, however, may be better understood with a consideration of dynamic efficiency. Recently, some economists argue that given the bounded rationality of economic agents, government can play a significant positive role as a partner of private sector to enhance welfare. 2.The analysis of total primary energy supply’s development in selected OECD countries reveals that different countries have implemented different strategies in order to reach security of energy supply. Mostly, the strategy chosen depends on the endowment with primary fuel. Whereas France has predominantly emphasized the implementation of large nuclear programmes, the USA, UK, Denmark and Japan have reduced energy intensity of GDP partially considerably. In addition, Japan relied on nuclear programmes to a large extent. In order to reduce import dependency in the fuels used for electricity generation, Japan diversified fuels, whereas Denmark built mostly coal-fired capacities and diversified amongst exporters.3.Concerning the impact of electricity/energy market liberalization on the economy-wide level of energy security, unbiased conclusions cannot be drawn. It seems however, that a higher economic linkage between exporting and importing countries enabled through the market opening may improve the overall situation of energy security.4.In relation with 5, IEA and EU are shifting from quantity regulations to price mechanisms acknowledging markets trends and liberalization.5.In Japan, emphasis has been laid on increase in strategic oil stocks, participation in oil development, nuclear power development as well as enhancing energy efficiency. This traditional policy securing energy security depends on the low independence of primary energies and geopolitical factors.

報告者

キーワード