報告書番号

Y99008

タイトル（和文）

京都議定書の遵守システムの設計 -付：ＣＯＰ５概要-

タイトル（英文）

Designing Compiance System of Kyoto Regime

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

議定書の遵守システムに関するこれまでの議論を整理した上で、同システムの設計に関して環境政策過程の側面から検討を行い、望ましいあり方について提案した。京都議定書以外の環境条約を検討し、協調的な遵守システムの意義を明らかし、京都議定書においても協調的な遵守システムが望ましいことを示した。その具体的な組織、機能、運用などを明らかにするために、簡単な設計案を示した。京都議定書において、先進国は野心的な数値目標を持っているが、民主的手続きの中でこの目標達成をするには困難があり、目標達成には不確実性がある。この状況下で、京都議定書の早期発効と、さらに多くの締約国の野心的なコミットメントによる発展を目指すためには、締約国の意志を阻喪させる懲罰的な措置を設定するべきではなく、協調的な遵守システムが必要となる。最後に、便宜のために、COP5の簡単なまとめを付した。

概要 （英文）

Design of the compliance system for Kyoto regime is examined in terms of environmental policy analysis. Past multilateral environmental regimes are marked with facilitative and non-contentious compliance regime. The Parties have been mostly in good compliance. Though in some cases the success was not more than the simple result of non-ambitious target setting, we can argue that the facilitative compliance systems have fairly worked. Noncompliance sometimes occurred but they were not out of malicious intention. Rather, they were due to lack of Parties’ capability in national implementation. Democratic government had formidable difficulties in balancing interests of relating players and failed to meet the committed targets, especially when the nature of environmental problem is cross sectorial as was the case in NOx control. Given the lack of confidence and prevailing uncertainty in national implementation, facilitative and non-contentious compliance regimes have been instrumental to keep democratic Parties’ coalition against environmental problems. Those findings relating multilateral environmental regimes clearly support facilitative and non-contentious designing of compliance system for Kyoto Protocol. The unilateral and ambitious nature of Kyoto Protocol further underscores the argument. Given the ambitious targets of the Protocol, no Parties are confident of national implementation in practice. Thus, Kyoto regime will fail if it tries to contentiously enforce compliance, since Parties may step out of the regime, lessen their commitments, or try to seek for loopholes. The system should be the forum to discuss issues related to compliance, to increase transparency of all Parties, facilitate the Parties in noncompliance to go back into compliance, as were the cases in other environmental compliance regime.

報告者

キーワード