報告書番号

Y98006

タイトル（和文）

都市の空間構造とエネルギー削減に関する分析

タイトル（英文）

Effects of Urban Structure on Energy Conservation

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

本研究では、都市の空間構造、特に建物密度や用途混合度等を変数として、諸エネルギー削減システムを導入した場合のエネルギー削減効果を算出するモデルを開発し、空間構造とエネルギーの関わりを分析した。まず民生部門に着目し、コジェネレーションや太陽光発電の導入効果を空間構造に応じて算出するモデルを開発し、事務所・店舗・住宅、及びその３建物用途からなる想定都市に対して適用した。また、運輸部門も加味し、低密度の場合には太陽光発電と電気自動車、高密度の場合は地域冷暖房と鉄道を導入すると仮定して空間構造に応じたエネルギー量を算出し、低密度都市ではエネルギー最小となる建物容積率が存在すること、大規模都市では低密度より高密度都市の方がエネルギー量が小さいこと等を明らかにした。さらに人口変動についても検討し、特に低密度都市の人口増加過程においては、増加の程度まで考慮したエネルギー抑制方策が必要であることを示した。

概要 （英文）

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how spatial structure of the city, which has several energy saving systems, affects energy conservation. First, an estimation model for energy requirements of buildings is developed on the assumption that the buildings use district heating and cooling systems(DHC) using combined heat and power generation(CHP). Applying the model to offices, stores and residences, the author shows the land use maximizing the volume of energy conservation. Furthermore, the author supposes that a city consists of above buildings and clarifies the land use pattern minimizing energy supply to the city, in which all buildings use CHP. Second, the effects of photovoltaic systems are examined according to density on the assumption that the systems are introduced in accordance with a part of a building site. Third, the relationship between the energy and urban structure is investigated considering the energy supply not only to the buildings but to transportation. The author assumes two types of energy saving city. A low density city has photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles and a high density city employs DHC using CHP and railroads. The energy supply to the low density city decreases with density because trip distance declines when density is quite low and turns into increase as the effect of photovoltaic systems shrinks. In a large scale city in which trip distance is long, the energy supply to the high density city is smaller than that to the low density city because the energy in the transportation sector gets larger in the low density city. Last, the author examines increase in urban population of the energy saving cities and shows that it is important to estimate population in the future in order to control energy increase, especially in the low density city.

報告者

キーワード