報告書番号

Y97015

タイトル（和文）

産業連関表を利用した製品のＬＣＡ手法 －簡易に計算できるソフトウェア“ＱｕｉｃｋＬＣＡ”の開発－

タイトル（英文）

ADVANCED LCA METHOD OF PRODUCTS WITH THE JAPANESE INPUT/OUTPUT TABLE

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

ＬＣＡ（ＬｉｆｅＣｙｃｌｅＡｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ）は，製品や技術などの環境負荷を製造，利用，廃棄の過程で定量的かつ総合的に分析するもので，環境問題の高まりとともにその必要性が増している。ＬＣＡ中で製品の資源投入と環境負荷を調べるインベントリー分析は最も基本となる手法であり，最も手間のかかる製造時の複雑なプロセスに対して整合かつ迅速に分析できる手法の開発が望まれている。研究は，整合的なインベントリー分析ができる産業連関表の利点を生かし，調べようとする製品の構成素材とその物理量をインプットすれば，加工・組立てなど製造段階の複雑な産業プロセスの環境負荷を整合的に分析できるインベントリー手法を開発した。開発したソフトウェア（ＱｕｉｃｋＬＣＡ）を用いて乗用車（１，３００ＣＣ小型車）についてのエネルギー消費と環境負荷の分析を行った。

概要 （英文）

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IS A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL SUPPLYING INFORMATION ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF A PRODUCT OVER ITS ENTIRE LIFE CYCLE. AT THE FIRST STAGE,LCA NEEDS ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORIES THAT IDENTIFY AND QUANTIFY THE ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS INVOLVED -THE ENERGY AND RAW MATERIALS USED,AND THE EMISSIONS AND WASTES RELEASED. THE INVENTORY ANALYSIS SPECIFIES THE PROCESSES REQUIRED IN THE MANUFACTURE,USE AND EVENTUAL DISPOSAL OF A PRODUCT. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY REPORTS ON HOW TO ANALYZE THE PROCESSES,THERE IS STILL SOME CONTROVERSY. INVENSTORY ANALYSIS FOR A TYPICAL PRODUCT REQUIRES SEVERAL HUNDRED PROCESSES SUCH AS EXTRACTION OF MINERALS,PRODUCTION OF MATREIRALS,TRANSPORT OF PRODUCTS,MANUFACTURE OF PRODUCTS,USE AND MAINTENANCE OF FINAL PRODUCT,ETC. METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE ARE REQUIRED TO MAKE INVENTORY ANALYSIS REQUIRE LESS TIME,COST AND EXPERTISE. THIS STUDY AIMS TO DEVELOP A RAPID AND CONSISTENT METHOD OF INVENTORY ANALYSIS BY USING AN INPUT/OUTPUT TABLE. WE DEVELOPED AN ADVANCED METHOD OF INVENTORY ANALYSIS FOR PRODUCTS TO SOLVE EMBODIED MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION OF FINAL PRODUCTS IN THE INPUT/OUTPUT TABLE. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS ACHIEVED BY ENERGY AND MATERIAL RECYCLING CAN BE ALSO INVESTIGATED WITH AN ADVANCED METHOD CONNECTED TO LCA DATABASES DESCRIBING ENERGY CONSUMPTION,CO2,SOX AND NOX EMISSIONS IN OVER 400 SECTORS OF THE JAPANESE INPUT/OUTPUT TABLE. USER-FRIENDLY SOFTWARE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTRORIES ASSOCIATED WITH A PRODUCT S LIFE CYCLE. IT CAN HANDLE DATA FASTER,MORE CONSISTENTLY AND WITH BETTER QUALITY ASSURANCE THAN CONVENTIONAL PROCESS ANALYSIS. AS A RESULT,LCAS ARE BECOMING EASIER AND QUICKER TO CARRY OUT THAN BY CONVENTIONALMETHODS. USING THIS SOFTWARE,LIFE CYCLE INVENTORIES FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION,AND CO2,SOX,AND NOX EMISSIONS WERE INVENSTIGATED FOR A GASOLINE-POWERED CAR. MATERIAL RECYCLING TO REDUCE THE EFFECT OF THE CAR ON THE ENVIRONMENT WAS ALSO EVALUATED. THE SOFTW

報告者

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