報告書番号

Y95013

タイトル（和文）

産業連関分析による財サービス生産時のエネルギー消費量とＣＯ２排出量－産業連関表のＬＣＡへの適用について－

タイトル（英文）

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES:APPLICATION OF INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE TO LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

製品や技術の環境負担性を評価する手法として，「土から生まれて土に還るまで」に環境へ与える負荷でもって，その製品や技術の環境負担性を評価するライフサイクル分析（ＬＣＡ）が注目されている。今までの環境負担性ＬＣＡでは，ライフサイクルにわたるプロセスを一つづつ■ることで環境負荷を明らかにするプロセス分析法が主に用いられていた。しかし，プロセス分析法は製造段階のように複雑に入り組んだプロセスへ適用することが困難であるという問題点がある。この問題点を解決するために，産業連関表を利用して製品製造時に関連するすべてのプロセスを整合的に取り扱える評価手法を開発した。この手法を用いて，各種製品を生産する際に消費されるエネルギー量および排出されるＣＯ２量を明らかにしている。

概要 （英文）

ENVIRONMENTAL-LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS(LCA)IS A USEFUL TOOL FOR EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES. THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON INVENTORY ANALYSIS,ONE OF THREE COMPLEMENTARY COMPONENTS OF LCA. TO PERFORM INVENTORY ANALYSIS USING CONVENTIONAL PROCESS ANALYSIS,IT IS NECESSARY TO DIVIDE A SYSTEM INTO PROCESSESDIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH TECHNOLOGIES. HOWEVER,IT IS DIFFICULT TO COMPLETELY ANALYZE COMPLICATED PROCESSES SUCH AS PROCESSING,FABRICATION,ANDDISTRIBUTION IN THE PROCDUCTION OF GOODS. A POSSIBLE WAY TO AVOID THISDIFFICULTY IS BY USE OF AN INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE(I-O TABLE)DESCRIBING THETRANSACTIONS BETWEEN ALL ACTIVITIES OF A WHOLE ECONOMY. THIS STUDY ESTIMATES ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GOODSAND SERVICES USING THE I-O TABLE FOR JAPAN. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND CO2 EMISSIONS PER UNIT WEIGHT FOR VAARIOUS GOODS ARE CALCULATED USING A NEW METHOD WITH AN I-O TABLE. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND CO2 EMISSIONS ARE ESTIMATED AS 10 TO 30 GCAL AND 3 TO 7 T-CO2 PER TON,RESPECTIVELY,FOR GOODS SUCH AS SHIPS,RAILROAD CARS AND INDUSTRIAL MACHINES. ON THE OTHER HAND,THEY ARE ESTIMATED AS MORE THAN 30 GCAL AND MORE THAN 10 T-CO2 PER TON FOR GOODS SUCH AS ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES AND PRECISION MACHINES USEDIN THE HOME AND OFFICE. RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ELECTRICITY TO TOTALENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND TOTAL CO2 EMISSIONS ARE APPROXIMATELY 50% FOR MOST INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS. MANY PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRODUCTIONOF GOODS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FIVE STAGES;MINING,MATERIALS PRODUCTION,PROCESSING/ASSEMBLY,TRANSPORTATION AND OTERS. THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MATERIALS PRODUCTION TO TOTAL CO2 EMISSIONS ARE THE LARGEST AMONG FIVE STAGES IN ALMOST ALL PRODUCTS. HOWEVER,THE EMISSIONS AT THE OTHER STAGES ARENOT NEGLIGIBLE. PARTICULARLY,FOR ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES AND PRECISION MACHINES,THE SHARE IS APPROXIMATELY 40% AT THE STAGES OF PROCESSING/ASSEMBLY AND TRANSPORTATION. TO EVALUATE THE AMOUNT OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN THEPRODUCTION OF GOODS,IT IS IMPORTANT TO

報告者

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