報告書番号

Y95012

タイトル（和文）

電力市場自由化モデルの分析

タイトル（英文）

ANALYSIS OF DEREGULATION MODELS

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

本稿は，内外における電力市場自由化の動向調査に基づき，代表的自由化モデルの特徴点を検討するとともに，各自由化モデルの比較評価を行ったものである。まず，代表的市場自由化モデルとして，競争入札モデル，託送モデル（卸託送モデル，小売託送モデル）およびプール・モデル（強制または非強制）を取り上げ，競争導入の程度，垂直統合の分離などの観点からそれらの特徴点を検討した。つぎに，各市場自由化モデルの比較評価を行った。その結果，プール・モデルは競争条件が最も整備されており，効率性の観点から多くの経済学者によって支持されているものの，供給保障上の問題が残ることも指摘した。

概要 （英文）

THIS PAPER IDENTIFIES TYPICAL DEREGULATION MODEL,ANALYSES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH MODEL,AND EVALUATES THE PERFORMANCE OF EACH MODEL BY INVESTIGATING RESULTS OF DEREGULATION IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES. THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS CAN BE DRAWN. FIRST INTRODUCTIONOF COMPETITION IN THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY IS POSSIBLE. WHEREASNETWORK FUNCTIONS REMAIN NATURAL MONOPOLIES,OTHER FUNCTIONS SUCH AS GENERATION AND SUPPLY,CAN BE REORGANIZED INTO COMPETITIVE STRUCTURES. BASED ON THIS NEW UNDERSTANDING,COMPETITIVE REFORM HAS BEEN WIDELY INTRODUCED IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD. ALONG WITH THESE REFORMS,THERE IS ALSO A GROWING TREND TO GIVE CUSTOMERS ACCESS RIGHTS. REFLECTING THIS TREND,OPEN-ACCESS MODELS REPRESENTED BY POOL MODELS AND RETAIL WHEELING MODELS HAVE BECOME MORE COMMON AMONG VARIOUS DEREGULATION MODELS. COMPETITION HAS PRODUCED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN EFFICIENCIES IN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS,ESPECIALLY UNDER THE POOL SYSTEM. BUT REFORM RESULTS VARY SIGNIFICANTLY AMONG THE SELECTED MODELS,REFLECTING DIFFERENCES IN PROBLEM ANALYSIS AND REFORM GOALS,AS WELL AS ORGANIZATIONAL AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE. IN APPLYING THE POOL MODEL TO OTHER COUNTRIES,ALTHOUGH IN THE UK,RELIANCE ON GAS AS THE FUEL FOR NEW CAPACITY ADDITIONS CONTRIBUTESTO ENERGY SECURITY,THIS DOES NOT HOLD FOR OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES OF JAPAN WHICH HAS SCARCE NATURAL RESOURCES. IN THESE COUNTRIES,DEPENDANCEON ONE FOSSIL FUEL COULD ENDANGER ENERGY SECURITY IN A LONG-RUN.

報告者

キーワード