報告書番号

Y94003

タイトル（和文）

二次電池とその将来展望

タイトル（英文）

SECONDARY BATTERIES AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

リチウム電池で代表されるようにコンパクトでエネルギー密度が高い二次電池が開発され，最近の電池技術の発展には目覚ましいものがある。二次電池に関する調査結果の概要を以下に示す。（１）最近，２０～３０年間の電池技術の進歩は目覚ましく，性能以外にも信頼性と安全性が大幅に向上している。学問的にも電気化学から物理化学，固体物理，有機化学など学際領域が広がってきている。（２）電池へのニーズは，コンパクト，長寿命，安全性，リサイクル性，低コスト，そして大型化である。電池の利用は，宇宙，医療，エレクトロニクス機器といった制御用から産業ロボットや電気自動車のような動力用，そして家庭や電気事業における電力貯蔵用など幅広い応用分野がある。（３）コードレス家電製品の開発と民生部門におけるカートリッジ式電気コンディショナーの導入は，電池の普及を促進するだけでなく電力の負荷平準化と電気の質の多様化を可能にする。

概要 （英文）

THE DOMESTIC MARKET FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES IS GROWING RAPIDLY. A NUMBER OF ADVANCED BATTERIES ARE PRESENTLY UNDER INVESTIGATION. HIGH PERFORMANCE WITH HIGH CYCLE LIFE AND HIGH ENERGY DENSITY ARE REQUIRED. WE INVESTIGATED THE TECHNICAL AND R&D FEATURES OF ADVANCED RECHARGEBLE BATTERIES AND CLARIFIED THEIR PENETRATION INTO THE MARKET. (1)THE GROWTH OF BATTERY PRODUCTION HAS BEEN 7.5% PER YEAR DURING THE PAST DECADE. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE,NI-CD AND LI COMPOSITE ELECTROLYTES IS OUTSTANDING AND PRODUCTION IS INCREASING IN RECENT YEARS. (2)THE TECHNICAL PROGRESS OF SECONDARY BATTERIES IS OUTSTANDING IN THE PAST FEW DECADES. ENERGY DENSITY HAS BEEN INCREASED UP TO 200 WH/LITER FOR THE LITHIUM BATTERY. A HIGH ENERGY DENSITY OF300 WH/LITER WILL BE ACHIEVED IN THE NEAR FUTURE. (3)THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BATTERY DEVELOPMENT ARE HIGH ENERGY AND POWER DENSITY,HIGH EFFICIENCY,ABUNDANT RAW MATERIALS,LOW COST,RELIABILITY,AND SIMPLICITY. BATTERIES ARE INSTALLED IN SMALL AND VALUE-ADDED ELECTRIC APPLIANCES AS WELL AS IN LARGE-CAPACITY DEVICES FOR POWER STORAGE IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY. (4)PORTABLE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES LOOK MOST PROMISING FOR GROWTH OF THE BATTERY MARKET. WE HAVE DEVISED A METHOD TO POPULARIZE BATTERIES IN VARIOUS PORTABLE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES USING THE CARTRIDGE-TYPE CONDITIONING DEVICE SHOWN IN THE FIGURE. IT IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS CAPACITY BATTERIES FOR STORING ELECTRICITY DURING OFF-PEAK HOURS. (5) THE POTENTIAL MARKET FOR LOAD LEVELING IN THE ELECTRIC UTILITY INDUSTRY COULDBE AS HIGH AS 30 GW IN 2000 AND 45 GW IN 2030.

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