報告書番号

Y90013

タイトル（和文）

電気事業におけるラムゼー料金の適用－自家発・コジェネとの競合下における効率的な料金の実証分析－

タイトル（英文）

RAMSEY PRICING IN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY:ANEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF OPTIMAL PRICING WITH INTERMODAL COMPETITION

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

最近，自家発・コジェネの進展によって電力市場の競争が激化している。需要家の便益が電気事業および他の需要家が被る損失を下回る「社会的に非効率な自家発・コジェネ」の電力市場参入を防ぐため，ラムゼー料金等の料金制が提案されている。本稿は，社会的に効率的な料金としてラムゼー料金を取り上げ，電力需要と費用構造の実証結果をもとに，家庭と製造業の２重要種間における料金設定を検討する。主な結果は，次のとおりである。（１）電力需要の自己価格弾力性は製造業－０．６３，家庭部門が－０．３７であった。また，家庭部門に対する電力供給の限界費用が製造業を紫衣った。（２）現行の個別原価配分にもとづく料金水準とラムゼー料金との乖離を統計的に検定し，両者の間に乖離が存在することを確認した。

概要 （英文）

THE INTENSE COMPETITION IN JAPANESE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY MARKETS CAUSED MAINLY BY THE RAPID INCREASE IN SELF-GENERATION AND COGENERATION MEANS THAT THE PRESENT COST-BASED TARIFF STRUCTURE DESERVES RECONSIDERATION. SELF-GENERATION AND COGENERATION NOT ONLY REDUCE ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR UTILITIES,BUT RAISES RATES FOR CAPTIVE CONSUMERS VIA THE INCREASE IN FIXED BURDEN-SHARING. SOCIALLY-INEFFICIENT RESULTS MIGHT OCCUR DUE TO UNECONOMIC BYPASS WHOSE BENEFIT IS LOWER THAN THE LOSS INCURRED BY CAPTIVE CONSUMERS AND ELECTRIC UTILITIES. TO AVOID SOCIALLY-INEFFICIENT RESULTS,RAMSEY PRICING,WHICH PROVIDES LOWER RATES FOR PRICE-ELASTIC CUSTOMERS,COULD BE EFFECTIVE. THIS STUDY EXAMINES RAMSEY PRICING FOR JAPANESE ELECTRICITY UTILITIES AND ESTIMATES MARGINAL COSTS AND PRICE ELASTICITISES OF ELECTRICITY FOR RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS BASED ON FLEXIBLE FUNCTIONAL FORMS OF ENERGY DEMANDAND ELECTRICIRTY COST FUNCTIONS. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT:(1)OWN-PRICE ELASTICITY OF ELECTRICITY FOR IN INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS IS HIGHER (-0.63) THAN FOR RESISDENTIAL CUSTOMERS (-0.37) IN ABSOLUTE TERMS,AND (2)MARGINAL COSTS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS IS LOWER THAN THAT FOR RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS. RAMSEY PRICING BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS IS NOT ACCEPTED STATISTICALLY WITH CURRENT RATESAND ESTIMATES OF PRICE-ELASTICITIES AND MARGINAL COSTS. A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE FOR RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS SHOWS THAT TO A LARGE EXTENT,INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS WOULD HAVE LOWER RATES THAN THEIR CURRENT RATES,WHEREAS RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS WOULD INCUR HIGHER RATES THAN THEIR CURRENT RATES WHEN TIGHT REVENUE REQUIREMENT PREVAIL.

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