報告書番号

Y89005

タイトル（和文）

電力品質と価格に対する需要家の選択－大型コンピュータ・ユーザにおけるバックアップ電源機器選択の数量分析－

タイトル（英文）

CUSTOMER CHOICE BETWEEN QUALITY AND PRICE OFELECTRIC SERVICE -BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF LARGE-SCALE COMPUTER USERS CHOOSING BACK-UP POWER SYSTEMS-

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

エネルギー産業間の競合を前提にした電力サービスを考える上で，価格とともに品質が大きな焦点となる。本研究は，電気事業が従来の価格と品質に関する単一商品（ＳｉｎｇｌｅＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ）から多様な組合せサービス（Ｍｕｌｔｉ－Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ）を提供可能であるものとした際に，需要家が品質と価格の選択についてどのような反応をするかを計量的に分析するとともに，品質で差別化した新しい電力サービスの市場性の評価を行った。分析は，品質を重視する大型コンピュータのユーザを対象とし，供給信頼度を瞬時電圧低下の２要因から構成される電力品質の要求水準と，これを維持するためのコスト（購入電力価格プラス需要家のバックアップ設備投資）の両者に対して，実際に需要家が行った選択（非常用予備電源や無停電・無瞬断電源装置の導入）をモデル化するという方法を用いた。

概要 （英文）

INTENSIVE COMPETITION IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET AND DEMAND FOR HIGHER-QUALITY SERVICE IS FORCING PUBLIC UTILITIES TO CHANGE THEIR STRATEGIES IN SETTING PRICE AND QUALITY. BECAUSE PRICE IN CREASES CAUSED BY ENHANCING SERVICE QUALITY HOMOGENEOUSLY MAY REDUCE COMPETITIVENESS,DIFFERENTIAL SERVICE MUST BE CONSIDERED. THIS STUDY ANALYZES CUSTOMER CHOICE BETWEEN QUALITY AND PRICE AND EVAWATES THE MARKETABILITY OF THE UNBUNDLED SERVICE. CUSTOMERS SUCH AS LARGE-SCALE COMPUTER USERS NOT ONLY MAKE OPTIONAL CONTRACTS WITH PUBLIC UTILITES BUT ALSO HAVE BACK-UP SYSTEMS TO PREVENT INTERRUPTIONS AND SURGES AND SAGS. THEIR CHOICE BETWEEN QUALITY AND COST CAN BE ESTIMATED BY SURVEYING THE SPECIFICATION OF THE BACK-UP GENERATOR OR UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEM (UPS),AND THE SERVICE RATE WITH OPTIONAL CONTRACTS. QUALITY DATA,WHICH CONTAIN THE PROBABILISTIC INTERRUPTIONS AND SURGES AND SAGS,CAN BE CALCULATED FROM THE STRUCTURE OF THE BACK-UP SYSTEM AND ITS REDUNDANCY,AND ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT AND MAINTENANCE COSTS CAN ALSO BE ESTIMATED FROM THESE SURVEY DATA. THE RESULTS,USING A MULTI-NOMIAL LOGIT MODEL,INDICATE THAT CUSTOMER CHOICE BETWEEN BACK-UP SYSTEM COMBINATIONS AND REDUNDANCY IS WELL EXPLAINED. THEY ALSO SUGGEST THE MARKETABILITY OF A NEW SERVICEDIFFERENTIATED BY QUALITY. THE REPORT CONCLUDES THAT THE POTENTIAL MARKETABILITY OF A HIGH-QUALITY ELECTRIC POWER SERVICE IS PROMISING IF PUBLIC UTILITIES CAN SUPPLY IT AT A LOWER COST THAN THAT OF CUSTOMER BACK-UP SYSTEMS.

報告者

キーワード