報告書番号

Y88011

タイトル（和文）

ダイナミック・オペレーティング・コスト研究の現状と課題

タイトル（英文）

SURVEY OF DYNAMIC OPERATING COSTS ANALYSIS

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

電力供給者は，電気の品質を維持向上するために，時々刻々変化する負荷需要に併せて発電出力をより俊敏に変化させねばならない。そのために発電システムの運転効率は低下し，その結果，ダイナミック・オペレーティング・コスト（ＤＯＣ）と呼ばれる運転費の増分を生ずる。本報告では，負荷追従に要する運転費を削減する有効な方策を探るために，ＤＯＣの概念や既存の分析手法を明らかにする。主な調査結果は次の通り：■ＤＯＣは，負荷変化の厳しさに応じて大きくなる。また，発電プラントの負荷追従速が速いほど小さくなる。■電力貯蔵を電力システムへ導入すれば，ＤＯＣを削減することができる。なぜなら，その俊敏な充放電によって，現在，実際の運用で火力ユニットが行っている負荷追従を（４つの観点から）より安価に代行することができるからである。■研究が進むにつれて現在では，発電ユニットや電力貯蔵技術の負荷追従特性がＤＯＣに及ぼす影

概要 （英文）

ALONG WITH A SPREAD OF INFORMATION PROCRSSING MACHINARY IN RECENT YARS,HIGH QUALITY OF ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY IS REQUIRED FOR ELECTRIC POWER UTILITIES. IN ORDER TO KEEP HIGH RELIABILITY OF ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY THE UTILITY MUST RESPOND QUICKLY TO CHANGING LOAD OF CUSTOMERS BY PROVIDING MORE CAPACITY ON LINE. THIS COSTS MONEY. THE CONVENTIONAL MODELS FOR ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH HAVE IGNORED THE OPERATING CONSTRAINT THAT GENETATION UNITS HAVE TO RESPOND TO THE SYSTEM S LOAD FOLLOWING NEED. AS A RESULT THE TOTAL OPERATING COSTS ACTUALLY REQUIRED HAVE BEEN UNDERSTIMATED. DYNAMIC OPERATING COSTS (DOC) ARE DEFINED AS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ACTUAL COSTS AND THE COSTS CALCULATED BY THE CONVENTIONAL MODELS. SURVEYING SOME REPORTS OF DOC STUDY WE FOUNDTHE FOLLOWING INTEMS AS TO DOC. (1)DOC BECOME GREATER AS ELECTRIC LOADCHANGES MORE QUICKLY. THE AMOUNT OF DOC DEPENDS GREATLY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNITS COMPOSING OF THE SYSTEM. (2)SOME EARLY STUDIES ON DOCUSED SIMPLE APPROXIMATION METHODS WHICH CALCULATE AGGREGATED DOC VALUEWITHOUT ANY DETAIL ANALYSIS OF DOC. (3)IF ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY ISINTRODUCED TO MEET THE LOAD CHANGE FOR WHICH THERMAL POWER PLANT IS OPERATING AT PRESENT,A LARGE AMOUNT OF DOC CAOULD BE SAVED DUE TO THE FOLLOWING REASONS;1)TO SUPPLY SPINNING RESERVE BY ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY;2)TO MAKE THERMAL POWER PLANTS OPERATE AT NEAR FULL CAPACITY WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY;3)TO SAVE FUEL COSTS DUE TO REDUCTION OF THERMAL PLANTS DSS(=DAILY START AND STOP) LOSSES;AND,4)REDUCE THE CYCLING UNITS OPERATION WHICH NEED HIGH FUEL COSTS. ADVANCED STUDIES ON DOC HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED AT EPRI,WHICH CAN SIMULATE THERMAL PLANTS DETAIL CHARACTERISTICS AND CAN ANALYSE THE PART OF THE ABOVE FOUR FACTORS WITH THE INTRODUCTIONOF ENERGY STORAGE PLANTS. (4)THE REPORTS SURVEYED IN THIS PAPER SHOW THAT THE SAVINGS OF DYNAMIC OPERATING COSTS PTOVIDED BY ENERGY STORAG

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