報告書番号

Y11013

タイトル（和文）

電気料金の国際比較と変動要因の解明 －主要国の電気料金を巡る事情を踏まえて－

タイトル（英文）

International comparison of electricity prices based on their components with country-specific backgrounds

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

わが国で電力自由化について議論され始めた1990年代、日本の電気料金は国際的に見て割高と指摘されていた。それから十数年が経過した現在、電気料金制度の見直しが議論されるようになり、さらに電力会社の料金値上げの可能性についても話題に挙がる中、再び料金水準についても注目を集めるようになっている。この状況において、現在のわが国の電気料金が国際的に見てどのような位置づけにあるのかを、改めて確認することが必要とされている。本稿では、わが国及び主要諸外国の近年の電気料金の動向を確認した上で、電気料金を公租公課、ネットワーク費用、エネルギー供給費用の3要素に分解、料金水準や推移がどの要素の影響を最も大きく受けているかを検証し、さらに料金水準や推移が特徴的であった国に着目して、その背景や要因についても詳細に検証する。

概要 （英文）

When the process of liberalization of electric power industry commenced in Japan in 1995, it was pointed out that the Japanese electricity prices were extremely higher than those in the key countries. However, after more than 15 years have passed, the situation around Japan and these countries have changed. This report shows the recent trend of electricity prices in these countries and investigates the background of the electricity price in each country. As a result, followings are clarified.
1. Denmark and Germany have increased renewable energy and are often referred to as countries Japan should follow. However, we should recognize that a public charge for promoting renewable energy in the electric power price has been increasing, especially for household customers in Germany.
2. The countries with high dependence on fossil fuel power, such as Italy and Germany, electricity prices have risen along with the fuel price rise even after liberalization. If fuel price will continue to increase, it would be difficult for Japan to hold the price up, even if electric utilities improve their management efficiency.
3. In Korea electricity price is much lower than that in Japan, even similarity of energy situation between two countries. However, the price in Korea is controlled by the government, and thus it would be impossible for Japan to achieve the same price level only by efficiency improvement.
4. In the other lower price countries, such as France, Canada and some states in the US, the price level is much influenced by fuel mix dominated by hydraulic or nuclear or cheap coal power. It is difficult for Japan to eliminate price gap with them, unless the change of fuel mix to cheaper technology in Japan.
5. The ratio of household to industrial prices has been higher in several countries even after liberalization in the electric power industry. The Japanese government should investigate the influence of liberalization on domestic customers.

報告者

キーワード