報告書番号

Y09015

タイトル（和文）

我が国における電気自動車普及政策の変遷と市場動向

タイトル（英文）

Transition of the Diffusion Policies and their Impacts with the Market on Electric Vehicle in Japan

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

本稿は、我が国におけるEVの普及計画・政策や市場動向をレビューすることにより、今後の普及方策に資する知見を得ることを目的としている。第１世代（1970年代～90年代中頃）や第２世代（1990年代後半～2000年代中頃）の主な政策は、車両の導入補助・税制優遇、実証実験・モデル事業であった。第１世代では公用車と民間業務用として、第２世代では家庭での利用が模索されたが、普及は進まなかった。その主要因は車両の性能や価格の高さであるが，それらの課題を解決すべく実施されたカーシェアリング・レンタカー等の実証事業においても，人々のライフスタイルや移動に対するニーズとEVの用途・利用形態とがミスマッチとなっており，定着していない。現在の第３世代では、地方自治体や地域の普及推進組織の取り組み、民間事業者の充電インフラ整備、車両の多様化や自動車の所有意識の変化など、取り巻く環境が変化している。今後は、想定される利用者のニーズを踏まえた普及シナリオを具体的に設定することが重要と考えられる。

概要 （英文）

In 2009, electric vehicles (EVs) with advanced batteries appeared in Japan and are expected to grow significantly in the next decade. The objective of this research is to review transition of the diffusion policies and plans and their impacts with on EVs in Japan in order to examine directions for diffusion measures in the future. We categorized policies since 1970's into three according to EV technology development; the first generation (1970's - middle of 1990's), the second generation (-middle of 2000's), and the third generation (after the second) policies. Key findings are as follows:
1) The main purpose of introduction of EV in the first and second generations was air pollution abatement; climate mitigation was also targeted from the second generation. Main measures of those policies were financial support and incentives for purchasing EVs by early adopters and implementation of pilot programs for verifying EV technology development. The targets on the number of EVs were never achieved because of EV's characteristics such as short mileages per charge and high prices. Although carsharing services and rent-a-car business were introduced to resolve those issues, targeted user's lifestyles and trip patterns were not matched with those services. 2) For the third generation policies, although main measures to date are similar with the ones in the former generations, the new trends of policies and markets evolve; a) policy development of local governments, b) establishment of local organizations jointly operated by public and private sectors, c) installation of charging infrastructure by private enterprises. 3) Since diverse EV usage patterns were found during the first and second generation policies; boosting EV users in each pattern is required for the third generation, To this end, implementing well-designed diffusion measures according to EV usage patterns based on targeted consumers' lifestyles must be essential.

報告者

キーワード