報告書番号

Y05028

タイトル（和文）

米国における需要反応プログラムの実態と課題

タイトル（英文）

Current Status and Issues of Demand Response Program in US

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

米国の一部の地域では，2000年以降から需要反応プログラム(DRP)と呼ばれる制度が導入されつつある。DRPにより卸電力市場における価格スパイクの抑制や供給信頼度の向上などの効果が期待されている。連邦エネルギー規制委員会(FERC)は，DRPを電源や送電設備と同様に，長期的な供給力と位置付けている。日本卸電力取引所による電力取引が開始されたわが国においても，DRPのような枠組みにより需要家が卸電力価格にアクセスし，価格スパイクの抑制や供給信頼度の向上に寄与するかを評価することが望まれる。その検討のためには，DRPの先行事例を分析し，課題を明らかにすることが重要である。そこで本論文では，米国における需要反応プログラムの実態を整理し，その特徴点を明らかにすると共に，課題を明らかする。

概要 （英文）

Some regions in U.S. have introduced a mechanism called Demand Response Program (DRP) from about 2000. DRP, which adjusts customer’s electricity demand using price elasticity, is expected to improve reliability of power systems and to mitigate price spikes occurred in wholesale electricity market. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has placed Demand Response Program in long-term resource planning as well as power plants and transmission grid. In Japan, meanwhile, from April 2005, electricity have been traded in day-ahead market of Japan Electric Power Exchange (JEPX). Prices contracted at JEPX are expected to become reference prices so as to invest in power plants and to manage specific risks. It is hoped to verify whether DRP contributes better reliability in Japan.In this report, institutional issues in DRP are clarified from experiences of US where DRP has been implemented earlier. First, we survey the status quo of DRP in New York ISO, PJM, and ISO New England. After that, we classify the discussions about institutional issues in DRP. Main issues are represented as follows:・ In order to introduce DRP, conventional mechanisms like Demand Side Management (DSM) should be re-arranged properly with DRP. DSM and DRP have often same objectives which designate to reduce peak demand, to secure long-term adequacy and to exploit price elasticity of demand. On the other hand, DRP focuses on wholesale market which is out of the scope of DSM.・ It is discussed that adequacy would not be well maintained because a Load Serving Entity can stand in lack of capacity by paying penalty when incentives for procurement of capacity is insufficient.・ Because calculation of Customer Baseline Load differs among ISOs, their validities should be investigated carefully.・ So as to justify application of DRP, the following issues should be assessed: improvement of social welfare, load reduction value as capacity reserves, and risk due to uncertainty of demand-supply.

報告者

キーワード