報告書番号

Y05005

タイトル（和文）

技術開発普及のための国際協力 -事例分析と温暖化防止将来枠組みへの示唆-

タイトル（英文）

International Cooperation in Technology Development and Diffusion: Case Analysis and Discussion on Future Climate Regime

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

温暖化防止の将来枠組みにおける技術開発普及への取り組みの進め方についての知見を得るために、エネルギー・環境分野全般における既存のさまざまな協力事例を、「(1) 国際協調」と「(2) 途上国支援」の2つのカテゴリに分けて、分析した。その結果、(１)国際協調の事例は、国内技術政策への国際的な正統性付与、一国では開発できない巨大設備技術の国際的な費用分担、国内政策の義務的ではない国際的なすり合わせ、対象となる環境問題解決の鍵となる技術の国際的な義務付け、貿易を通じた国際的な波及効果を伴う国内政策の5つに分類できた。 (2)途上国支援については、技術移転を促進する活動事例を、直接の技術移転、ファイナンスの改善、環境整備活動に仕分けて検討した結果、各分類の中には、途上国向けのR&D、技術の現地実証、制度形成支援、人材育成支援など多様な活動が含まれていることが明らかになった。

概要 （英文）

To derive implications for future climate regime, we analyzed the seventeen cases on international cooperation for technology development and deployment. The cases we dealt with are categorized into "policy coordination" and "assistance for developing countries." With regard to "policy coordination" cases, we found that forms of coordination were different in accordance with stages of technology development and characteristics of policy measures. Specifically, there were four patterns of cooperative activities: "legitimization for domestic R&D and demonstration policies," "international alignment of domestic policies for market creation and diffusion," "international mandatory introduction of backstop technologies," and "cost-sharing cooperation for mega-scale technologies." Furthermore, we found that several "domestic" policies facilitated market creation and diffusion at an "international" level. Then, we analyzed "assistance cases," which were categorized into "direct transfer of technologies," "assistance for finance," and "actions for enabling environment." Various types of activities were necessary for increased technology development and deployment in developing countries, including customized R&D, demonstration projects, both direct and indirect funding for technology deployment, policy development assistance and capacity building. On the basis of the above analysis, we concluded that, to prevent climate change through technology development and diffusion, policy coordination and assistance should be designed taking into consideration "stages of technology development" and "characteristics of policy measures and assistance activities."

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