報告書番号

Y03002

タイトル（和文）

Comparative Analysis of Liberalisation Models of Electricity Markets

タイトル（英文）

Comparative Analysis of Liberalisation Models of Electricity Markets

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

欧米では、1990年以降、多種多様な自由化モデルが出現してきている。これらの代表的なものは、プール・モデルと相対取引モデルであり、そのほか、それほど一般的ではないが、シングル・バイヤー・システムや競争入札モデルも、いくつかの国で採用されてきている。本稿では、代表的な自由化モデルとしてプール・モデルと相対取引モデルを取り上げ、スポット市場と給電指令のあり方、混雑管理方式、さらに市場支配力や取引コスト等の観点から、両者の詳細な比較評価を行った。その結果、市場支配力が効果的に抑制されない場合に、また混雑個所が限定され、混雑管理が複雑化しない場合には、相対取引モデルの方が競争促進的となりうることなどを示した。

概要 （英文）

This study analyzes various liberalization models of electricity markets, focusing on the pool model and the bilateral trading model as representative models introduced in the US and Europe. The analysis is centered on the design of the spot market and dispatch, the congestion management, incentives for long-term investment, as well as the merits and demerits of these models with respect to short-term efficiency and long-term efficiency. The theoretical analysis is accompanied by several case studies, such as PJM, Texas, Nord Pool, England & Wales, as well as Germany. Under unconstrained conditions, both models might lead to the same results. Taking potential system constraints into account, a centrally dispatch system might lead to an efficient outcome. However, a major problem of the centrally dispatched pool model is found in that market participants are learning entities and will try to influence the market outcome by strategic bidding unless market power is effectively restricted. Assuming potential transmission constraints, the bilateral trading model might not lead necessarily to an efficient market outcome as the system solution is based on dispersed information. However, taking account for market participants to reveal actual costs, they may increase competitive forces in the markets, an advantage might outweigh the disadvantage of deficiencies.

報告者

キーワード