報告書番号

Y02012

タイトル（和文）

JCO臨界事故の損害賠償(補償)処理の実際に見る自治体の役割と課題

タイトル（英文）

Local Governments’ Roles of the Compensation for Damage by the Tokai JCO Criticality Accident

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

平成11年9月に発生したJCO臨界事故は、周辺地域に対して、屋内待避勧告や交通規制等に伴う営業損失と買い控え等による深刻な風評被害をもたらし、これらの被害総額は約150億円に達すると見込まれた。我が国の原子力損害賠償制度では、損害賠償処理は基本的に事業者と被害者という当事者間で解決すべき問題であるとされており、賠償交渉や賠償の配分の仕方等を規定した詳細な手続が一切定められていない。このため、約150億円に達すると見込まれる被害について、各被害者に対して賠償がなされるまでには相当の期間を要するものと当初は見

概要 （英文）

The Tokai JCO criticality accident on September 30, 1999 was the first case to which The Law on Compensation for Nuclear Damage was applied. Although the Law on Compensation for Nuclear Damage formulates the outline of the institutional framework for nuclear third party liability together with operator’s insurance scheme, details of actual compensation procedure are not specified. By this reason, the compensation procedure in the Tokai accident had been executed without a concrete legal specification and a precedent.In spite of this situation, the compensation procedure with the accident led to an unexpectedly successful result. We observe the several reasons why the compensation procedure was implemented successfully despite the lack of concrete legal specification and a precedent. One of the reasons is that the local governments, Tokai Village and Ibaraki Prefecture, immediately took the leadership in implementing a temporary regime of compensation procedure without wasting time for waiting national government's directives. Upon practicing this compensation procedure, the local governments implemented the following steps.(1) Initial estimation of the amount and scope of damage.(2) Providing the criteria and heads of damage subject to compensation.(3) Unitary compensation procedure at the local levels.(4) Distribution of emergency payments for the victims.(5) Facilitating compensatory negotiation between the victims and JCO as arbitrator.However, some concerns are also pointed out about the fact that the local government directed the whole procedure without sufficient adjustment with the national government for compensation policy. Among all, in the compensation led by the local governments, it was difficult to guarantee fairness of compensation because victims who are influential on the local government such as industrial associations would have unfairly strong negotiation power in the compensatory negotiation, while the operator being responsible for the accident had completely lost their negotiation base.

報告者

キーワード