報告書番号

S00005

タイトル（和文）

防災活動上の問題点に関する事例調査（その2） -危機管理のための平時からの取り組みについて-

タイトル（英文）

A Case Study on Some Problems during Disaster Prevention Activities (part2) - Proactive measures in daily activities against human factor issues under crisis

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

自然災害等への対応で見られた問題から、危機対応時に人間の判断を阻害する要因を検討したところ、未確認情報の扱いの不明確さ、社会的・経済的影響への懸念などが明らかになった。また、これらへの対策の方向性を検討したところ、未確認情報の扱いに関する方針についての明確化、絶対安全・安全神話からの脱却と潜在的危険性の組織内外への公表など、危機時のみならず平時の活動にも有効である対策が明らかになった。従来、危機管理能力の向上を考える際には、まさに危機が起こった後での活動への備え、例えば、防災計画、連絡体制などに着目しがちであった。危機への対処能力の良し悪しは、平時の組織活動の良し悪しに依存していることが分かった。

概要 （英文）

Disaster prevention exercises were held on January 14, 1997 assuming that an earthquake with magnitude of 7.6 occurred at Yamazaki fault near Himeji, Hyogo prefecture. In the exercises, all scenario of the assumed earthquake and damages were withheld. After the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, Hyogo prefectural government and municipalities in the prefecture had developed disaster prevention programs and installed several computer systems. However, the exercises revealed lots of problems in them. This fact indicates that conventional countermeasures such as refining the programs, installing computers, etc. are helping disaster prevention activities but not enough to establish ideal competency to deal with disasters. Therefore, focusing on human's decision making, this report discusses latent factors influencing decision making, its proactive measures. As a result, it finds several key points to improve the competency. First, it finds 4 latent factors such as uncertainty of a way to handle unconfirmed information, negative concerns to social/economical influences, low awareness of ambience and low cognition of what to do. Second, it proposes proactive measures such as clarifying a course of handling of unconfirmed information, abandonment of safety myth and disclosure of hazard information, improving quality of information with using advanced information technology and simile, and power transfer on the line of conventional allotted work. Finally, these latent factors influence decision making not only in crisis situation but also in normal situation. It means that these proactive measures should be considered in normal work place. It will not only improve the competency to handle crisis situation but also improve organizational culture.

報告者

キーワード