報告書番号

EY97001

タイトル（和文）

EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC POWER DEREGULATION INENGLAND AND WALES

タイトル（英文）

EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC POWER DEREGULATION INENGLAND AND WALES

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

本稿は，規制緩和後７年を経過した英国における電力市場自由化の成果を価格動向を中心に評価したものである。その結果，次の諸点が明らかになった。（１）規制緩和後の電気料金は名目では上昇し（家庭用需要家で２０％上昇），実質では下落（同５％下落）している。競争が導入された発電部門での価格は実質でも上昇している。その理由としてナショナル・パワーとパワー・ジェンの２大発電事業者によるプール価格の操作が指摘される。料金下落の理由は，規制分野での上限価格の見直しや一括引き下げ，国内炭の取引量削減と価格の低下に求められる。（２）各国料金の国際比較を行ったところ，為替レート換算，購買力平価換算いずれにおいても英国の相対的なポジションは大きく変化していない。（３）以上から見る限り，現段階では，英国の自由化モデルの有効性は実証されているとは言い難い。

概要 （英文）

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO CONDUCT AN INTERIM EVALUATION OF REFORMS OF THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY IN ENGLAND AND WALES. IN ENGLAND AND WALES, THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY WAS SEPARATED INTO GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES, AND DRASTIC COMPETITION WAS INTRODUCED ON 1 APRIL 1990. SEVEN YEARS HAVEPASSED SINCE THE RESHAPING AND IT IS WORTHWHILE EVALUATING THE RESULTSOF THE REFORMS. THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THIS PAPER ARE AS FOLLOWS: (1)NOMINAL ELECTRICITY PRICES FOR ALL CUSTOMERS AS WELL AS REPRESENTATIVE CUSTOMERS HAVE INCREASED IN ENGLAND AND WALES DURING 1990 TO 1996. PRICESFOR REPRESENTATIVE RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS HAVE INCREASED BY ABOUT 20%, WHILE REAL PRICES FOR THE SAME CUSTOMERS HAVE DECREASED BY ABOUT 5% DURING THE PERIOD. (2)POOL PRICES HAVE ALSO INCREASED BOTH IN NOMINAL AND REAL TERMS. MANIPULATION OF POOL PRICES BY NATIONAL POWER AND POWER GEN, THE TWO LARGEST GENERATION COMPANIES, IS SUSPECTED AS THE REASON FOR THE INCREASE IN POOL PRICES. (3)THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF ENGLAND AND WALES, IN TERMS OF ELECTRICITY PRICES (CONVERTED INTO YEN BY EXCHANGE RATE AND PURCHASING POWER PARITY) ARE STABLE FOR BOTH REPRESENTATIVE RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS, AMONG SAMPLE NATIONS DURING 1990 TO 1996. (4)THE ELECTRICITY PRICE REDUCTIONS IN REAL TERMS WERE CAUSED MAINLY BY TERMINATION OF INITIAL CONTRACTS SUCH AS COAL CONTRACTS, AS WELL AS STRENGTHENING OF PRICE CAPS, ESPECIALLY ON DISTRIBUTION PRICES.

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