報告書番号

Y92015

タイトル（和文）

職住の最適割当による通勤時間の削減効果－東京大都市圏での実証分析－

タイトル（英文）

TOWARDS REDUCTION OF COMMUTING TIME: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TOKYO METROPOLITAN AREA

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

東京大都市圏を対象に長時間混雑通勤の実態を明らかにし，職場あるいは住宅を入れ替えることにより削減可能な通勤時間を求めるモデルを提案した。また，業務核都市への機能分散が通勤時間の変化に与える影響を分析し，以下のような結果を得た。（１）１９８５年での２１１の市区町村からなる東京大都市圏での平均通勤時間は約５０分，３０分以下の通勤者は全体１３％に過ぎず，１時間以上の通勤者は２７％にも上る。（２）現状の都市構造のもとで，職場あるいは住宅を交換することで削減できる通勤時間を測定するため，最適職住割当問題のモデル開発を行った。東京大都市圏へ適用した結果，削減可能な通勤時間は平均７分，現状の平均通勤時間の１５％に相当することを示した。（３）副都心や業務核都市への業務分散により都市構造を変化させたときの勤務地を移転した者の通勤時間は，住み替えが行われない場合（短期的影響）は副都心移転で３分，業務核

概要 （英文）

WE EXAMINE TOKYO S COMMUTING PATTERNS TO DETERMINE HOW MUCH COMMUTING IS THE RESULT OF INEFFICIENT MATCHING OF RESIDENCES AND JOBS. OUR ANALYSIS BUILDS ON PREVIOUS LITERATURE ON WASTEFUL COMMUTING WHICH HAS BEEN DEFINED AS THE AMOUNT THAT COMMUTING COULD BE REDUCED GIVEN THE EXISTING PLACEMENT OF HOUSES AND JOBS BY RELOCATING WORKERS. DATA FROM THE 1985 JAPAN POPULATION CENSUS ALLOWS US TO MEASURE COMMUTING BETWEEN 211 ORIGIN AND DESTINATION POINTS IN THE TOKYO METROPOLITAN AREA (TMA) WHICH IS WITHIN ABOUT 60 KM FROM CBD. ALSO,WE COMBINE DATA FROM A NUMBER OF SOURCES TO ESTIMATE THE TIME REQUIRED TO TRAVEL EACH ROUTE. THE MAJOR RESULTS ARE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: (1)AVERAGEONE-WAY COMMUTING TIME WAS ABOUT 50 MINUTES IN THE TMA AS OF 1985. ALSO THE PERCENTAGE OF COMMUTERS WHOSE COMMUTING TIME IS WITHIN 30 MINUTESWAS ONLY 13%, AND THOSE WHOSE COMMUTING TIME IS MORE THAN ONE HOUR WAS27%. (2)BY RELOCATING WORKERS GIVEN THE EXISTING PLACEMENT OF HOUSES AND JOBS,COMMUTING TIME IS FOUND TO BE REDUCED BY 7 MINUTES (15% OF AVERAGE COMMUTING TIME). THE PERCENTAGE OF COMMUTERS WHOSE COMMUTING TIME IS WITHIN 30 MINUTES INCREASES TO 20% AND THOSE WHOSE COMMUTING TIME IS MORE THAN ONE HOUR DECREASE TO 16% AFTER THE RELOCATION. (3)TWO SIMULATION WERE CONDUCTED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF DECENTRALIZATION OF EMPLOYMENT ON COMMUTING BEHAVIOR. MOVING 10% OF JOBS FROM CBD TO SUB-CBD RESULTS IN A 3-MINUTE INCREASE IN COMMUTING TIME,AND MOVING 10% OF JOBS TO THREE OUTLYING CITIES RESULTS IN A 36-MINUTE INCREASE IN THE SHORT-RUN ADJUSTMENT. HOWEVER,IF WE ASSUME THAT THOSE WHO CHANGE JOB WOULD RELOCATE,THE REDUCED COMMUTING TIME WOULD BE 6 MINUTES AND 17 MINUTES,RESPECTIVELY.

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