報告書番号

Y15016

タイトル（和文）

我が国の原子力分野における安全目標の活用－2003年安全目標案の背景とその実際から学ぶ－

タイトル（英文）

Development and Application of Nuclear Safety Goals in Japan -Lessons learnt from the case of 2003 Draft Safety Goals-

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

我が国の原子力分野では、原子力安全委員会が2003年に安全目標案を示したが、その規制上の位置づけは不明瞭であった。福島原子力事故後、安全目標をめぐる議論が再び高まりつつあり、過去の安全目標案の策定・活用の経緯を検討することは、今後の原子力のリスク管理において安全目標を有効活用していく上で有益と考えられる。本報告では、原子力安全委員会での安全目標案検討に携わった関係者へのヒアリング等を踏まえ、目標案策定時には「立ち止まることなくリスク管理を実践し、具体的なリスク低減につなげるための目標」として安全目標を活用しようとしていたが、現実には「現状で既に安全であることを示すための道具」として使われ、安全目標の意図と現実の活用実態とが乖離してきたことを明らかにした。さらに、その乖離状況の背景として、原子力関係者間の認識共有不足、リスク論の適用における誤り、「対策主義」の弊害、社会や立地地域の反応に対する懸念の4点を指摘し、原子力界がこれらを克服して今後安全目標を策定・活用していく上で検討すべき点を示した。

概要 （英文）

The Nuclear Safety Commission in Japan offered a detailed draft of nuclear safety goals to the public in 2003, though its position was ambiguous in nuclear safety regulation. This report shows the circumstances behind the development and application of 2003 draft safety goals based on our interviews with the experts who had been involved in making the draft. According to our interviews, they had intention to utilize safety goals for improving risk management of regulatory authority and nuclear energy industry, such as ameliorating deterministic regulations, accumulating experience of risk assessment and management, promoting related research, and communicating risks with general public. In practice, however, safety goals had functioned as a tool for emphasizing an assertion that "nuclear power plants had already been safe enough". We identified the following four major impediments to utilizing safety goals; i) lack of sharing overall recognition of the importance of establishing safety goals among nuclear community, ii) excessive emphasis of internal event risks which leads to an inferior priority to tackle with the issue of external events risks, iii) adverse effect of "tunnel-visioned incrementalism", that is, nuclear energy industrial entities are attracted their foci too much on what they have been told to do by regulators or local governments, and, iv) negative attitude to disclose the outcomes of risk assessment for fear of societal reactions. To encourage upcoming safety goals and risk management, this report provides the following points for overcoming these problems; i) sharing insights on the reasons why nuclear community set up safety goals, ii) introducing the concept of adaptive risk management for maintaining questioning attitude, iii) conducting a periodic review of goal attainment level and also safety goals themselves from the eyes of a detached observer, and, iv) rebuilding relationship with society beginning with arguments with local stakeholders over "what needs to be protected and from what?"

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