報告書番号

Y15001

タイトル（和文）

欧米における電気事業者とガス事業者の相互参入の実態

タイトル（英文）

The current status of mutual entrance between electric power and gas companies in the US and EU countries

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

わが国において、電気事業・ガス事業の自由化が進み、地域独占の仕組みが撤廃されると、電気事業者とガス事業者が互いの市場に参入し合う、相互参入が活性化すると目される。欧米においては、このような相互参入は一般的であり、主要な電気・ガス事業者は、電気・ガスを併給する「エネルギー事業者」となっている。そこで本稿では、天然ガス消費の多い欧州6ヶ国と米国について、電気事業・ガス事業の自由化前後の供給体制の変化を整理した上で、事業者の相互参入の実態を調査する。さらに、欧米における小売料金メニューの実例を示すとともに、中でも小売事業において相互参入の主要な手段となる電気とガスのセット販売である「デュアルフュエル」に着目し、デュアルフュエルが盛んな英国において、6大事業者の電気・ガス事業の収益性の検証を行う。

概要 （英文）

It is expected that liberalization of electricity and gas industries will stimulate mutual market entrance by electricity/gas companies. Actually, in the US and EU countries, major electricity/gas companies became "energy company", which provides both electricity and gas to customers. This study investigates the market structures of both industries before and after liberalization to show the status of mutual entrance in six countries in the EU and the US. In addition to clarifying how service menus are provided in order to acquire new customers, the profitability of these businesses are examined. The major findings are listed as follows.
1. In the six countries in EU, electric/gas industries were principally developed by the state-owned corporations before liberalization except Germany. After liberalization, though most of them are partially or fully privatized, they still have dominant position in the market. The limited number of major large companies, including the former state-owned, mutually enter into and become the major player in the respective markets.
2. In the US, while some private companies provided electricity and gas through the ages, many electric/gas companies mutually enter into respective markets by M&A after liberalization.
3. In the UK, major six companies provide "dual fuel" menu and large number of customers choose it. These companies evaluate combined profits between electricity and gas in the dual fuel strategy. For instance, Centrica, originally state-owned gas corporation, provides low prices for electricity to acquire new customers, which is then balanced out by relatively higher gas prices.

報告者

キーワード