報告書番号

Y13029

タイトル（和文）

ドイツにおける発送電分離の評価－事業者の対応と課題－

タイトル（英文）

Evaluation of Unbundling of Transmission in Germany-Experiences of German Utilities and New Challenges-

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

ドイツでは、主要な電力会社が長年垂直統合を維持してきたが、段階的に送電部門の分離を実施し、近年では法的分離に加え、送電資産を第三者に売却する所有権分離を実施している会社もある。このようなドイツの発送電分離に関する状況や事業者が直面している課題について理解することは、わが国の電力システム改革における法的分離の議論にも有用である。ドイツの電力会社が発送電分離にどのように対応していったのか、そしてその過程でどのような課題に直面したのかを明らかにする。とりわけ、発送電分離が送電系統運用者の組織や事業運営、設備投資や資金調達、発電分野での競争などに与えた影響を評価し、日本への示唆を得る。

概要 （英文）

The Japanese electricity industry will be further restructured to facilitate competition in generation and retail supply by legal unbundling of transmission and distribution from the incumbent utilities. In Germany, some of the major privately-owned, vertically-integrated electric utilities have implemented a strict form of legal separation by transforming their transmission system operator (TSO) to so called Independent Transmission Operator (ITO) in response to the third directive of EU, while others recently sold their transmission assets to third parties (ownership unbundling). This report discusses the impacts of such vertical unbundling on German electric utilities. We have identified three potential problems in the experiences of unbundling in Germany. First is the lack of coordination between the generation and transmission. Second is the difficulty with financing of transmission system operator (TSO). Third is the difficulty to ensure generation adequacy. Wholesale electricity market in Germany has been competitive but this is not a direct result of unbundling, rather it has been due to a large amount of the renewable energy generation supported by the government policy. It seems that a stricter form of legal unbundling is virtually no different from ownership unbundling. We need to bear in mind that such stricter forms of unbundling are required only for transmission but not for distribution in Germany. That poses a question on the current policy direction on unbundling in Japan where transmission and distribution are not distinguished each other and treated as a unified network division that should be separated from generation.

報告者

キーワード