報告書番号

U91044

タイトル（和文）

植物形質転換技術の開発動向に関する調査

タイトル（英文）

LITERATURE SURVEY ON TECHNIQUES FOR PLANT TRANSFORMATION

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

近年，進歩の著しい植物形質転換技術の現状を把握するため，文献調査を行い，これらの調査結果にもとづいて，電気事業への本技術の適用場面について考察した。本調査は，植物分子生物学などの最近５年間の論文，約４００点を中心に行った。その結果，以下の点が明らかとなった。１．形質転換技術は，細胞融合法と遺伝子導入法からなる。開発途上にある技術が多いが，すでに実用化段階にあるものも認められる。中でも細胞融合法が実用化に近い。２．実用的な形質転換植物作出のためには，植物種ごとの培養法や植物体への再生法を確立するという形質転換技術に共通な問題点の他，細胞融合法では，科間以上にまたがる雑種の形成，特定の遺伝形質の選択的導入など，遺伝子導入法では有用形質の制御遺伝子の抽出，その安定的な発現などの問題が残されている。

概要 （英文）

TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSFORMING PLANTS HAVE BEENADVANCING QUICKLY AND MAY HELP THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY CREATE USEFUL PLANTS FOR AMENITIES AND LOCAL INDUSTRIES. THIS REPORT INVESTIGATES THE ADVANCES OVER THE LAST FIVE YEARS IN TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSFORMING PLANTS BASED ON A LITERATURE REVIEW. THE CURRENT SITUATION AND POINTS AT ISSUE ARE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: 1.PLANT TRANSFORMATION TECHNIQUES THE TECHNIQUES ARE DIVIDED IN TWO GROUPS: PROTOPLAST FUSION, AND GENE TRANSFER. PROTOPLAST FUSION: ELECTRIC FUSION HAS IMPROVED THE FUSION SUCCESSRATE. AN ASYMMETRIC FUSION TECHNIQUE HAS BEEN ADOPTED TO CREATE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILE LINES. GENE TRANSFER: GENE TRANSFER METHODS, SUCH ASTHE MICROPROJECTILE METHOD ARE BEING USED WITHOUT RESTRICTION TO DEVELOP PLANT SPECIES. 2.PLANT MATERIALS AND TRANSFORMATION-INDUCTION GENES THE MOST POPULAR SPECIES ARE NICOTIANA SPP., WHICH FROM ABOUT 40% OF THE PLANT MATERIALS SURVEYED. A FEW TRANSFORMED PLANT SPECIES, SUCH AS NICOTIANA SPP., ARE ABOUT 80% REGENERATED, BUT MOST OF THE OTHER USEFUL PLANT SPECIES ARE LESS THAN 20% REGENERATED. THE INDUCTION GENES ARE CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR FUNCTIONS: (1) GENES EXPRESSED BY SOME EXTERNAL STIMULUS SUCH AS LIGHT OR HEAT (2) GENES EXPRESSED SPECIFICALLY AT DEVELOPMENT STAGES OR PARTS OF PLANTS (3) GENES CONNECTED WITH TOLERANCE OR RESISTANCE (4) REPORTER OR MARKER GENES INDUCTION GENES IN EXPERIMENTS (1)-(3) HAVE INCREASED. 3.REMAINING PROBLEMS SOME PROBLEMS STILL REMAIN IN CREATING PRACTICAL TRANSFORMANTS. COMMON PROBLEMS ARE DIFFICULTY IN CULTURING PLANT MATERIALS AND REGENERATING THEM TO WHOLE PLANTS. IN GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES, WE MUST EXTRACT THE CONTROL GENE FOR USEFUL TRAITS AND DEVELOP A METHOD TO TRANSFER IT TO THE PROGENY AND TO EXPRESS IT IN THEM.

報告者

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