報告書番号

U00060

タイトル（和文）

魚類を対象とした毒性試験に関する文献調査

タイトル（英文）

Literature surveys on fish toxicity test

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

魚類の毒性試験に関する内外の文献約80編を整理し、以下の知見を得た。 試験法には生残を指標とした急性毒性試験、成長を指標に加えた慢性毒性試験、および再生産を含むライフサイクル試験がある。内外で5種類程度の試験法が作成されているが、主に淡水を対象としたUS EPA法およびOECD法が最も一般的であり、いずれも急性毒性試験が主体である。慢性毒性やライフサイクル試験についても近年重要性が高まりつつあるが、後者については特に試験に適した魚種の選定が重要となる。海水では水温、溶存酸素、pHなどが毒性に影響を与える場合があるため、安定した結果が得られる試験条件の解明が必要である。淡水魚ではニジマス、コイなどの魚種が推奨されている。海水魚に関する検討例は極めて少なく、カドミウムおよび有機スズ化合物の急性毒性について知見が得られているが、その他ホウ素、銅などの物質についてはほとんど検討されていない。

概要 （英文）

Literature surveys were conducted to collect the state-of-the-art information of the effects of marine pollutants on survival, growth and reproduction of fish species.There are three methods; (1) acute toxicity test in which toxicity is estimated by survival after 24-96 h exposure, (2) chronic toxicity test in which exposure is prolonged for more than 1 months with feeding and toxicity is estimated by survival and/or growth during the period, and (3) life-cycle test. In life-cycle test, several factors such as maturation, egg production, hatching rate, and growth of juvenile are examined to estimate toxicity after long-term exposure. There are representative five guidelines for conducting toxicity test, including, US EPA and OECD methods. Most of the data are on the acute toxicity test with a little information on chronic and life-cycle effects although their importance increase in recent years. Appropriate conditions for marine fish toxicity tests, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH level of the rearing water, should be defined in toxicity tests because their factors affects the toxicity results. Rainbow trout, carp, and minnow are recommended as freshwater fish species in US EPA and OECD guidelines. There are no specified marine fish species for toxicity test, however, common fish species in the region are recommended to use. In life-cycle test, fish species, which have small size of mature adults, large size of newly hatched larvae, and short-term growth from eggs to mature adults, are prefered. There are lots of information on the effect of cadmium and organic tin substances on survival of marine fish species. However, little data have been obtained for other substances such as boron, fluorine, selenium, copper, mercury, and tri-halo-methanol.

報告者

キーワード