報告書番号

L11001

タイトル（和文）

福島原子力発電所事故での食品安全規制の課題と改善策

タイトル（英文）

For improvements of issues behind food safety regulations implemented following the Fukushima nuclear accident

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

福島原子力発電所事故に伴い、食品中の放射性物質に対する暫定規制値が設定された。水道水、原乳、野菜、魚介類、茶が暫定規制値を上回り、これらの食品の出荷や摂取が一時的に制限された。原子力緊急事態宣言の発令から、食品モニタリング開始まで6日、暫定規制値の設定まで7日、最初の制限開始まで11日かかった。また、各食品で最初に暫定規制値を上回ってから25日以内に制限が開始されたが、制限の開始とともに社会的な混乱が生じた。水道水の制限は51日以内に解除されたが、食べ物の制限は続いている。大部分の暫定規制値は、既存の指標値が準用された。指標値は、食品や放射性核種を包括的に網羅していない上に、緊急時被ばく状況と現存被ばく状況を区別することなく同じ値が設定されていた。また、一部の暫定規制値は、乳児と乳児以外に異なる値が設定された。本報告書では、事故後最初の3ヶ月間の食品モニタリングデータと実施された制限、そして、暫定規制値の設定根拠について整理・分析することで、今回の事故における食品安全規制の課題を抽出して、改善策を提案する。

概要 （英文）

The great quake and a subsequent tsunami seriously damaged the Fukushima nuclear power plants on 11 March 2011, followed by radionuclide releases outside the crippled reactors. Regulatory limits stipulated as provisional regulation values were set to minimize internal exposure via ingestion of contaminated food and drink. Tap water, raw milk, vegetables, seafood and tea exceeded the limit, and distribution and/or consumption of these stuffs were temporality restricted. It took 7 and 11 days to set the provisional regulation values and to order the first restriction after the declaration of nuclear emergency situations, respectively. All restrictions began within 25 days after the first excess in each item, but the commencement of restrictions was concomitant with the social dislocations. All restrictions for tap water were withdrawn within 51 days, but restrictions for food have yet to be lifted. Among all items, maximum levels were detected in leafy vegetables (54,100 Bq/kg of 131I, 82,000 Bq/kg of 134Cs and 137Cs). Most provisional regulation values were adopted from the preexisting index values. Index values were logically designed and practically convenient. However, food and radionuclides were not comprehensively covered, and the same value was given to emergency and existing exposure situations. Also, different provisional regulation values were set for infants and others. In this respect, we here propose the concept of the graded triphasic reference level system to optimize food safety regulations in early, intermediate and late phases following the accident, where each example phase-specific reference level value is provided. This paper focuses on the logic and issues behind such food safety regulations. The food monitoring data of 24,685 samples and the enforced restrictions shall also be outlined predicated on the information available as of 12 June 2011.

報告者

キーワード