報告書番号

L06001

タイトル（和文）

放射性廃棄物処分における「技術的に最善の手段(BAT)」の考え方 - 諸外国事例のレビューとわが国への示唆 -

タイトル（英文）

Discussion the concept of 'Best Available Technique' for the disposal of radioactive waste -A literature review of application of the BAT concept and implications for Japan-

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

わが国の放射性廃棄物処分事業における「技術的に最善の手段(Best Available Technique、以下BAT)」の概念の適用性の議論に資するため、BAT概念の適用に関する国内外の事例調査によってその定義および適用の意味を明らかにするとともに、具体的なあり方を提案した。わが国における長期の放射性廃棄物処分を考える上で、BATの概念は、実施者が処分概念の安全性を示すため、現状利用可能な知見、技術に基づいて、放射性物質放出を抑制するために最善を尽くしていることを示すための定性的な概念として位置付けることが適当である。規制側を始めとする幅広い関係者の間での意思決定の議論の材料を提供するため、まず事業者がBATの概念に基づいた処分方策をその検討根拠と共に提示していくことが重要である。これによって、放射性廃棄物処分事業の進展に資する議論を構築できるものと考えられる。

概要 （英文）

In the long-term safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal, the concept of 'Best Available Technique (BAT)' is being discussed internationally. This report reviews the origin and descriptions of the BAT concept in some reports and laws in the field of radioactive waste disposal and environmental impact assessment. BAT is recognised as the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation which indicate the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing in principle the basis for emission limit values designed to prevent and, where that is not practicable, generally to reduce emissions and the impact on the environment as a whole, and to be 'moving-target' that will change with time in the light of technical advances. The Swedish Radiation Protection Institute's Regulations requires that BAT should be taken into consideration in the final management of spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste, and describes that application of best available technique in connection with final disposal means that the siting, design, construction, operation and closure of the repository and appurtenant system components should be carried out so as to prevent, limit and delay releases from both engineered and geological barriers as far as is reasonably possible. Also, the BAT concept has been discussed in the field of the environmental impact assessment in Japan. In the bulletin under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, BAT is required to apply to the environmental impact assessments. Based on the literature review, this report suggests that: - For the long-term safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal, the concept of BAT shall be regarded as a qualitative concept, with which operator of a repository facility should demonstrate the safety of the disposal concept by reducing the release of radioactive materials based on technically and economically available techniques; - Based on the BAT concept above, operator should document the appropriate disposal concept and option accompanied with evidence, analyses and arguments for the consideration, so that discussion on the safety of the disposal would be encouraged among stakeholders including regulators and public.

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